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Abstract
Stigma associated with tuberculosis (TB) is often regarded as a barrier to health seeking and a cause of social suffering. Stigma studies are typically patient-centred, and less is known about the views of communities where patients reside. This study examined community perceptions of TB-related stigma. A total of 160 respondents (80 men and 80 women) without TB in the general population of Western Maharashtra, India, were interviewed using Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue interviews with same-sex and cross-sex vignettes depicting a person with typical features of TB. The study clarified features of TB-related stigma. Concealment of disease was explained as fear of losing social status, marital problems and hurtful behaviour by the community. For the female vignette, heredity was perceived as a cause for stigmatising behaviour. Marital problems were anticipated more for the male vignette. Anticipation of spouse support, however, was more definite for men and conditional for women, indicating the vulnerability of women. Community views acknowledged that both men and women with TB share a psychological burden of unfulfilled social responsibilities. The distinction between public health risks of infection and unjustified social isolation (stigma) was ambiguous. Such a distinction is important for effective community-based interventions for early diagnosis of TB and successful treatment.
[post_title] => Gender and community views of stigma and tuberculosis in rural Maharashtra, India
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[post_date] => 2021-04-07 10:20:00
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[post_content] => Abstract
Gender-specific patterns of experience, meaning, and behaviour for tuberculosis (TB) require consideration to guide control programmes. To clarify concepts of gender, culture, and TB in a rural endemic population of Maharashtra, India, this study of 80 men and 80 women employed qualitative and quantitative methods of cultural epidemiology, using a locally adapted semi-structured Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) interviews are instruments for cultural epidemiological study of the distribution of illness-related experiences, meanings, and behaviours. This interview queried respondents without active disease about vignettes depicting a man and woman with typical features of TB. Emotional and social symptoms were frequently reported for both vignettes, but more often considered most distressing for the female vignette; specified problems included arranging marriages, social isolation, and inability to care for children and family. Job loss and reduced income were regarded most troubling for the male vignette. Men and women typically identified sexual experience as the cause of TB for opposite-sex vignettes. With wider access to information about TB, male respondents more frequently recommended allopathic doctors and specialty services. Discussion considers the practical significance of gender-specific cultural concepts of TB.
[post_title] => Cultural concepts of tuberculosis and gender among the general population without tuberculosis in rural Maharashtra, India
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[2] => WP_Post Object
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[post_date] => 2021-03-23 22:00:25
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[post_content] => Using a gender-based approach to assess TB programs helped to identify barriers and risks for men, women and transgender people within TB programs. This in turn will aid service planning and development of interventions considering human rights and gender specifics.
Application of the second tool focused attention on PHR that, in the existing epidemiologic and socio-economic conditions in Ukraine, are at high risk of TB infection and suffer the most from the negative consequences of TB. Thorough analysis involving expert opinion and public consultation allowed formation of an exhaustive list of PHR, intended to be updated annually on national and regional levels. The analysis’ results and recommendations are to ensure that the health system of Ukraine takes into consideration populations vulnerable to TB that are usually underserved in terms of TB care. The tool may also be used by NGOs as a strong advocacy tool.
A specific feature of the study was involvement of a broad range of stakeholders in desktop review and public consultations, and a qualitative element that included two focus group discussions with women and men who had survived TB, as well as in-depth interviews in four regions of Ukraine with 22 experts (medical specialists, representatives of public bodies and civic leaders) and people who had faced the problem of TB (30 patients and their relatives). An opportunity to hear from people who had personally suffered from TB provided important information about their needs in the context of the TB care system.
[post_title] => Report on the Project Results "Communities, Rights and Gender TB Tools Assessment in Ukraine"
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[post_date] => 2021-03-02 15:46:50
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[post_content] => Women requiring TB care face a range of critical issues and this call to action urges innovators and researchers to develop gender-transformative interventions for TB.
[post_title] => Women and TB: a call to action
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[post_date] => 2015-03-31 15:59:28
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[post_title] => For a mere cough, men must just chew Conjex, gain strength, and continue working': the provider construction and tuberculosis care-seeking implications in Blantyre, Malawi
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Stigma associated with tuberculosis (TB) is often regarded as a barrier to health seeking and a cause of social suffering. Stigma studies are typically patient-centred, and less is known about the views of communities where patients reside. This study examined community perceptions of TB-related stigma. A total of 160 respondents (80 men and 80 women) without TB in the general population of Western Maharashtra, India, were interviewed using Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue interviews with same-sex and cross-sex vignettes depicting a person with typical features of TB. The study clarified features of TB-related stigma. Concealment of disease was explained as fear of losing social status, marital problems and hurtful behaviour by the community. For the female vignette, heredity was perceived as a cause for stigmatising behaviour. Marital problems were anticipated more for the male vignette. Anticipation of spouse support, however, was more definite for men and conditional for women, indicating the vulnerability of women. Community views acknowledged that both men and women with TB share a psychological burden of unfulfilled social responsibilities. The distinction between public health risks of infection and unjustified social isolation (stigma) was ambiguous. Such a distinction is important for effective community-based interventions for early diagnosis of TB and successful treatment.
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